Biocidal composition of 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate and methods of use

ABSTRACT

Provided is a biocidal composition comprising 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate and an isothiazolinone biocidal compound. The composition is useful for controlling microorganisms in aqueous or water containing systems.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to biocidal compositions and methods of their use for the control of microorganisms in aqueous and water containing systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Isothiazolinone-based biocides are used extensively for protection of water-containing systems such as: paints and coatings, adhesives, household and industrial cleaners, detergents, dish detergents, mineral slurries and polymer emulsions. Formaldehyde releasing biocides have also been extensively used, however, recent public concerns and environmental regulations concerning formaldehyde have begun to limit the use of formaldehyde-releasers as antimicrobial agents. Thus, the isothiazolinone biocides, which are non-formaldehyde releasers, have become increasingly attractive alternatives.

Isothiazolinones, however, also suffer from limitations, such as gaps in efficacy against certain microorganisms and possible potential for skin sensitization. It is desirable, therefore, to develop new formulations based on the existing widely used isothiazolinones but that also address isothiazolinones' limitations. It also desirable that such formulations not be based on formaldehyde releasers.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention provides biocidal compositions. The compositions are useful for controlling microorganisms in aqueous or water containing systems. The compositions of the invention comprise 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate (dimethoxane) together with an isothiazolinone biocidal compound.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling microorganisms in aqueous or water containing systems. The method comprises treating the system with a biocidal composition as described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As noted above, the invention provides biocidal compositions and methods of using them in the control of microorganisms. The compositions comprise 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate (dimethoxane) together with an isothiazolinone biocidal compound. It has surprisingly been discovered that the combination of dimethoxane and an isothiazolinone are synergistic when used for microorganism control in aqueous or water containing media. That is, the combined materials result in improved biocidal properties than would otherwise be expected based on their individual performance at the particular use-concentration. The observed synergy permits reduced amounts of the materials to be used to achieve acceptable biocidal properties, thus potentially reducing environmental impact and materials cost. Reducing the amount of isothiazolinone is also advantages because of the possible potential for skin sensitization with such compounds.

In addition to exhibiting synergy, the compositions of the invention are also effective for controlling a broader spectrum of microorganism types than would be possible with isothiazolinones alone, including the control of fungi (isothiazolinones such as BIT have limited antifungal efficacy), control of algae, and control of otherwise isothiazolinone-resistant microorganisms. Further, because neither the dimethoxane nor the isothiazolinone compound is a formaldehyde releaser, the compositions can be prepared and used in formaldehyde free form, which is especially advantageous where use of formaldehyde is undesirable.

For the purposes of this specification, the meaning of “microorganism” includes, but is not limited to, bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses. The words “control” and “controlling” should be broadly construed to include within their meaning, and without being limited thereto, inhibiting the growth or propagation of microorganisms, killing microorganisms, disinfection, and/or preservation against re-growth.

Preferred isothiazolinone compounds for use in the compositions of the invention have the following formula I:

wherein R and R¹ are independently hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R and R¹ together with the carbons to which they are attached from a C₄-C₇ cycloalkyl ring or an aryl group; and

Y is H, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl.

Also preferred are formula I compounds in which R is H, or Cl. Further preferred are compounds in which R¹ is H or Cl. Further preferred are compounds in which R and R¹, together with the carbons to which they are attached, form phenyl or cyclopentyl.

Additionally preferred are compounds of formula I in which Y is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, or n-octyl.

Particularly preferred isothiazolinones are 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone; 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone; 2-ethyl-3-isothiazolinone; 5-chloro-2-ethyl-3-isothiazolinone; 4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone; 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone; 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone; 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one; 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one; and mixtures of two or more thereof. Especially preferred are 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one (BIT), 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone (MIT), and mixtures of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone/2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone.

Of course, more than one isothiazolinone compound can be combined for use in the present invention; in such cases, ratios and concentrations are calculated using the total weight of all isothiazolinone compounds present. As noted, a particularly preferred combination is 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone/2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone.

Preferably, the dimethoxane:isothiazolinone weight ratio in the compositions of the invention is between about 2000:1 and about 1:1000, more preferably between about 1500:1 and about 1:500, even more preferably between about 1500:1 and about 1:100. In further preferred embodiments, the weight ratio is between about 1400:1 and about 1:10 or is between about 1400:1 and about 1:3. In additional embodiments, the weight ratio is between about 1000:1 and about 1:3, between about 500:1 and about 1:3, between about 100:1 and about 1:3, or between about 50:1 and about 1:3.

In further embodiments, when the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one, it is further preferred that the weight ratio of dimethoxane to the 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one is between about 50:1 and about 1:4.

In still further preferred embodiments, when the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone, it is further preferred that the weight ratio of dimethoxane to the mixture is between about 900:1 and about 10:1.

In yet further preferred embodiments, when the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone, the weight ratio of dimethoxane to the 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone is preferably between about 150:1 and about 2:1.

In another preferred embodiment, the microorganism being treated is algae and the aqueous or water containing system is latex. The biocidal composition for this embodiment preferably comprises: dimethoxane and a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone. The weight ratio of the dimethoxane to the mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone is preferably between about 150:1 and about 30:1.

Isothiazolinones for use in the invention are commercially available or can be readily prepared by those skilled in the art using well known techniques (see e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,312,827). Dimethoxane is commercially available. In some embodiments, it is desirable to formulate the isothiazolinone containing compositions of the invention in solutions containing water or organic solvent or mixtures thereof together with nitrate or nitrite stabilizers to prevent decomposition of the isothiazolinone (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,795). A preferred stabilizer is magnesium nitrate.

The compositions of the invention are useful at controlling microorganism growth in a variety of aqueous and water containing systems. Examples of such systems include, but are not limited to, paints and coatings, latexes, adhesives, inks, pigment dispersions, household and industrial cleaners, detergents, dish detergents, mineral slurries polymer emulsions, metalworking fluids, construction products, personal care products, textile fluids such as spin finishes, industrial process water (e.g. oilfield water, pulp and paper water, cooling water), oilfield functional fluids such as drilling muds and fracturing fluids, and fuels.

A person of ordinary skill in the art can readily determine, without undue experimentation, the concentration of the composition that should be used in any particular application. By way of illustration, a suitable actives concentration (total for both dimethoxane and the isothiazolinone) is between about 5000 and about 100 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous or water containing system. By way of more specific illustration, for a composition comprising dimethoxane and BIT, the active concentration is preferably between about 2500 ppm and about 350 ppm. For the dimethoxane/CMIT/MIT combination, the concentration is preferably between about 1800 ppm and about 300 ppm.

The components of the composition can be added to the aqueous or water containing system separately, or preblended prior to addition. A person of ordinary skill in the art can readily determine the appropriate method of addition. The composition can be used in the system with other additives such as, but not limited to, surfactants, ionic/nonionic polymers and scale, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers, and/or additional biocides.

The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit its scope.

EXAMPLES General

Experimental Setup: In the following examples, tests are conducted in a 96-deep well block format using a total sample volume of 600 μl for all evaluations. In these samples, no more than 10% of the total volume consists of the biocide and organism solution and all non-matrix additions are normalized for all samples. Each experimental 96-well block contains biocide-treated samples and control samples which lack biocide.

Biocides:

2,6-Dimethyl-m-dioxan-4-ol acetate (dimethoxane) is used as BIOBAN™ DXN, 87% active, available from The Dow Chemical Company.

1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one (BIT) is used as CANGUARD™ ULTRA BIT 20 LE, 20% active, available from The Dow Chemical Company.

2-Methyl-3-isothiazolinone (MIT) is used as Kordek™ 50C Industrial Microbicide.

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one/2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT/MIT) is used as CANGUARD™ CM1p5, 1.11% active CMIT; 0.39% active MIT, available from The Dow Chemical Company.

Microorganisms: Twenty-four hour tryptic soy broth cultures are combined in equal parts for formulation inoculation at a final concentration of 5×10⁶ CFU/ml. Organisms are added to each sample of the 96-well block and mixed until homogenous. Additionally, bacterial challenges of the industrial or household product occur on days 2, 7, and 14 of the 28-day test period.

Enumeration of Viable Organisms: Sample aliquots are removed, at predetermined time points, for the enumeration of surviving microorganisms. Numerical values in the data tables listed below represent the log₁₀ viable microorganisms recovered from individual samples at specific time points and biocide concentrations post microorganism addition. Biocide concentrations resulting in a ≧4 log₁₀ kill of microorganisms, as compared to the preservative-free control, were deemed a significant reduction of viable organisms and were subsequently used for calculating synergy index values.

Synergy Calculations: The reported synergy indexes are measured and calculated using the formula described below. In this approach, a synergy index of 1 indicates additivity. If the index is less than 1, synergy has occurred, while a synergy index greater than 1 indicates antagonism.

Synergy index=C _(A) /C _(a) +C _(B) /C _(b)

C_(a)=minimal concentration of antimicrobial A, alone, producing a 4 log₁₀ microbial kill C_(b)=minimal concentration of antimicrobial B, alone, producing a 4 log₁₀ microbial kill

C_(A) and C_(B)=the concentrations of antimicrobials A and B, in combination, producing a 4 log₁₀ microbial kill.

Example 1 Evaluation of dimethoxane/1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one (BIT) A) Detergent Matrix

The antimicrobial profiles dimethoxane, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one (BIT), and combinations of dimethoxane/BIT are evaluated in a commercial liquid laundry detergent formulation (pH 8.0). The detergent formulation is determined to be free of microbial contamination prior to initiation of preservative efficacy evaluations.

B) Paint Matrix

The antimicrobial profiles of dimethoxane, BIT, and combinations of dimethoxane/BIT are evaluated in a commercial (interior eggshell) water-based latex paint formulation (pH 7.4). The paint formulation is determined to be free of microbial contamination prior to initiation of preservative efficacy evaluations.

Organisms for this example: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC#15442), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC#10145), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC#13048), Escherichia coli (ATCC#11229), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC#8308), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC#6538), Salmonella choleraesuis (ATCC#10708).

Results for dimethoxane/BIT in detergent are provided in Tables 1 and 2.

TABLE 1 DAY 20 viable microorganism enumeration (post 4^(th) microbial challenge) DMX (ppm BIT (ppm a.i.) BIT alone a.i.) 300 200 133 89 59 40 26 18 DMX score ppm 1740 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 300 1160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 200 773 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 133 516 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 89 344 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 6.0 0.0 59 229 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 7.0 6.0 3.0 40 153 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 26 102 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 18 Con- 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 0 trols DMX = Dimethoxane; a.i. = active ingredient (i.e., actives concentration)

TABLE 2 Synergy index calculations BIT in DMX BIT DMX in combi- DMX:BIT alone alone combination nation Synergy Time ratio (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Index Day 20  4:1 1160 59 153 40 .810 Day 20  6:1 1160 59 229 40 .875 Day 20  9:1 1160 59 229 26 .638 Day 20 13:1 1160 59 344 26 .738 Day 20 20:1 1160 59 516 26 .886 Day 20 29:1 1160 59 516 18 .750 Day 20 43:1 1160 59 773 18 .971 *Biocide concentrations represented as ppm active dimethoxane or BIT DMX = Dimethoxane dimethoxane, when used alone, requires 1160 ppm (active concentration) to achieve a ≧4 log₁₀ microbial kill following four bacterial challenges. BIT by itself requires 59 ppm (active concentration) to achieve a ≧4 log₁₀ microbial kill under the same testing conditions. Use of various concentration ratios of BIT and dimethoxane in combination result in an equivalent log₁₀ reduction in viable microorganisms under the same testing conditions indicating a synergistic combination of biocide actives.

Results for dimethoxane/BIT in paint are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

TABLE 3 DAY 15 viable microorganism enumeration (post 4^(th) microbial challenge) BIT (ppm a.i.) DMX BIT alone DMX (ppm a.i.) 500 333 222 148 99 66 44 29 alone score ppm 1740  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 500 1160  0 0 0 0 1 2 3 2 3 8 333 773 0 1 4 2 2 3 3 3 7 8 222 516 0 0 0 4 3 4 4 4 8 7 148 344 0 0 4 4 8 6 5 8 7 7 99 229 0 0 5 5 8 8 7 8 7 6 66 153 0 0 4 8 7 8 7 7 8 7 44 102 0 0 5 6 7 8 8 8 7 8 29 Controls 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 DMX = Dimethoxane

TABLE 4 Synergy index calculations BIT in DMX BIT DMX in combi- DMX:BIT alone alone combination nation Synergy Time ratio (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Index Day 15 1:1 1160 >500 344 333 <0.963 Day 15   1:1.5 1160 >500 229 333 <0.863 Day 15 1:2 1160 >500 153 333 <0.798 Day 15   1:3.3 1160 >500 102 333 <0.754 Day 15 27:1  1160 >500 773 29 <0.724 Day 15 18:1  1160 >500 773 44 <0.754 Day 15 12:1  1160 >500 773 66 <0.798 Day 15 8:1 1160 >500 773 99 <0.864 Day 15 5:1 1160 >500 516 99 <0.643 Day 15 2:1 1160 >500 516 222 <0.889 *Biocide concentrations represented as ppm active dimethoxane or BIT DMX = Dimethoxane

Dimethoxane, when used alone, requires 1160 ppm to achieve a ≧4 log₁₀ microbial kill following four bacterial challenges. BIT by itself requires greater than 500 ppm to achieve a ≧4 log₁₀ microbial kill under the same testing conditions. Use of various concentration ratios of BIT and dimethoxane results in an equivalent log₁₀ reduction in viable microorganisms under the same testing conditions indicating a synergistic combination of biocide actives.

Example 2 Evaluation of dimethoxane/2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone (MIT)

The antimicrobial profiles of 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxan-4-ol acetate (dimethoxane), 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone (MIT), and combinations of dimethoxane/MIT are evaluated in a commercial liquid laundry detergent formulation (pH 8.0). The detergent formulation is determined to be free of microbial contamination prior to initiation of preservative efficacy evaluations.

Organisms for this example: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC#15442), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC#10145), Enterobacter gergoviae (ATCC#33028), Escherichia coli (ATCC#11229), Pseudomonas putida (ATCC#49128), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC#6538).

Results for (dimethoxane and MIT and combinations are provided in Tables 5 and 6.

TABLE 5 DAY 20 viable microorganism enumeration (post 4^(th) microbial challenge) DMX MIT (ppm a.i.) DMX MIT Alone (ppm) 50 33 22 15 10 7 4 3 Alone score ppm 1305  0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 50 870 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 33 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 8.0 22 386 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 4.0 8.0 15 257 0.0 0.0 2.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 10 172 0.0 2.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7 115 0.0 1.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 4  77 0.0 2.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 3 Controls 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 0 DMX = Dimethoxane

TABLE 6 Synergy Index Calculation DMX in MIT in MIT Combi- Combi- DMX:MIT DMX Alone nation nation Synergy Time Ratio Alone (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Index Day 20  2:1 870 >50 77 33 <0.75 Day 20 3.5:1  870 >50 115 33 <0.79 Day 20  5:1 870 >50 172 33 <0.86 Day 20  8:1 870 >50 257 33 <0.96 Day 20 12:1 870 >50 257 22 <0.74 Day 20 18:1 870 >50 386 22 <0.88 Day 20 26:1 870 >50 386 15 <0.74 Day 20 39:1 870 >50 580 15 <0.97 Day 20 58:1 870 >50 580 10 <0.87 Day 20 83:1 870 >50 580 7 <0.81 Day 20 145:1  870 >50 580 4 <0.75 DMX = Dimethoxane

Example 3 Dimethoxane with 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone/2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT)

The antimicrobial profiles of 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxan-4-ol acetate (dimethoxane), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one/2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT/MIT) and combinations of dimethoxane/CMIT/MIT are evaluated in a commercial (interior eggshell) water-based latex paint formulation (pH 7.4). The paint formulation is determined to be free of microbial contamination prior to initiation of preservative efficacy evaluations.

Organisms for this example: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC#15442), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC#10145), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC#13048), Escherichia coli (ATCC#11229), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC#8308), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC#6538), Salmonella choleraesuis (ATCC#10708).

Results for dimethoxane/CMIT/MIT and combinations are provided in Tables 7 and 8.

TABLE 7 DAY 20 viable microorganism enumeration (post 4^(th) microbial challenge) CMIT/MIT DMX CMIT/MIT (ppm a.i.) DMX alone (ppm a.i.) 15 10 6.7 4.4 3 2 1.3 0.9 alone score ppm 1740  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 15 1160  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 5 10 773 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 8 8 8 6.7 516 0 0 0 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 4.4 344 0 0 0 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 3 229 0 0 8 8 7 7 8 8 7 8 2 153 0 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1.3 102 0 0 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 8 0.9 Controls 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 DMX = Dimethoxane

TABLE 8 Synergy index calculations DMX:CMIT/ DMX CMIT/MIT DMX in CMIT/MIT in MIT alone alone combination combination Synergy Time ratio (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Index Day 20  10:1 1740 15 102 10 0.762 Day 20  15:1 1740 15 153 10 0.755 Day 20  23:1 1740 15 229 10 0.799 Day 20  51:1 1740 15 344 6.7 0.645 Day 20 115:1 1740 15 773 6.7 0.891 Day 20 176:1 1740 15 773 4.4 0.737 Day 20 258:1 1740 15 773 3 0.644 Day 20 263:1 1740 15 1160 4.4 0.960 Day 20 387:1 1740 15 1160 3 0.867 Day 20 580:1 1740 15 1160 2 0.800 Day 20 892:1 1740 15 1160 1.3 0.754 *Biocide concentrations as ppm active dimethoxane or CMIT/MIT DMX = Dimethoxane Dimethoxane, when used alone, requires 1740 ppm to achieve a ≧4 log₁₀ microbial kill following four bacterial challenges. CMIT/MIT by itself requires 15 ppm to achieve a ≧4 log₁₀ microbial kill under the same testing conditions. Use of various concentration ratios of CMIT/MIT and dimethoxane results in an equivalent log₁₀ reduction in viable microorganisms under the same testing conditions indicating a synergistic combination of biocide actives.

Example 4 Evaluation of dimethoxane and CMIT/MIT against Algae in PVA Latex

Procedure. In this example, a viscous PVA (poly vinyl acetate) latex diluted with water at 5 to 1 ratio is used for algal efficacy testing. This diluted latex is treated with CMIT/MIT and dimethoxane at concentrations as indicated in Table 9. Each sample is mixed well by hand and vortex for 2 minutes. 5 mL portions of each sample are then placed in a six-well plate and inoculated with 500 μL of 1×10⁶ cfu/mL wild strain of green algae isolated from contaminated PVA latex.

The plates are incubated at room temp (25° C.-26° C.) under cyclic exposure to light (OTT-Lite model #OTL4012P, 40 Watt, 26KLumen) and dark phases, for a period of three weeks. Biocidal efficacy results are shown in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Challenge Testing of PVA latex against wild strain of Green Algae CMIT/ MIT Dimethoxane Dimethoxane:CMIT/MIT % algal growth ppm ppm ratio Sample A Sample B 15 500 33.3:1 20% 20% 15 1000 66.6:1  3%  3% 15 1500  100:1 no growth no growth 15 2000 133.3:1  no growth no growth 15 0 — 100%  100%  0 2000 — 15% 15% 0 0 — 100%  100%  The data shows the effectiveness of the dimethoxane/CMIT/MIT combination of the invention compared to the dimethoxane and CMIT/MIT individually.

While the invention has been described above according to its preferred embodiments, it can be modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using the general principles disclosed herein. Further, the application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within the known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the following claims. 

1. A composition comprising: 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate; and an isothiazolinone biocidal compound.
 2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is of the formula I:

wherein R and R¹ are independently hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R and R¹ together with the carbons to which they are attached from a C₄-C₇ cycloalkyl ring or an aryl group; and Y is H, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl.
 3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein R and R¹ are independently H, or Cl.
 4. A composition according to claim 2 wherein R and R¹, together with the carbons to which they are attached, form phenyl or cyclopentyl.
 5. A composition according to claim 2 wherein Y is H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, or n-octyl.
 6. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone; 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone; 2-ethyl-3-isothiazolinone; 5-chloro-2-ethyl-3-isothiazolinone; 4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone; 2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone; 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolinone; 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one; 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one; or mixtures of two or more thereof.
 7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one.
 8. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate to 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one is between about 50:1 and about 1:4.
 9. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone.
 10. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the weight ratio of 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate to the mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone is between about 900:1 and about 10:1.
 11. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the isothiazolinone biocidal compound is 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone.
 12. A composition according to claim 11 wherein the weight ratio of 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate to 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone is between about 170:1 and about 2:1.
 13. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising one or more surfactants, ionic/nonionic polymers and scale, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen scavengers or additional biocides.
 14. A method for controlling microorganisms in an aqueous or water containing system, the method comprising treating the system with a composition according to claim
 1. 15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the aqueous or water containing system is selected from paints and coatings; latexes; adhesives; inks; pigment dispersions; household and industrial cleaners; detergents; dish detergents; mineral slurries; polymer emulsions; metalworking fluids; construction products; personal care products; textile fluids; industrial process water; oilfield functional fluids and fuels.
 16. A method according to 15 wherein the aqueous or water containing system is selected from paints and detergents.
 17. A method for controlling algae growth in a latex, the method comprising treating the latex with a composition comprising: 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxane-4-ol acetate; and a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone and 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone. 